Analysis on the Mechanism of Action of Bernoulli's Principle in the Generation of Wing Lift

The generation of lift by wings is a crucial topic in aerospace engineering, and Bernoulli's principle is a classic theory used to explain lift generation, playing a significant role in both education and engineering. This paper introduces the fundamental concept and mathematical formulation of Bernoulli's principle, elaborating in detail on how it explains lift through the difference in pressure caused by varying airflow velocities over the upper and lower surfaces of a wing. The paper analyzes the status and limitations of Bernoulli's principle in explaining lift from perspectives such as wing shape, flow separation, boundary layers, and circulation, demonstrating that Bernoulli's principle alone cannot fully describe the entire process of lift generation and must be complemented by other theories such as Newton's third law and the Kutta–Joukowski theorem. By incorporating experimental data from NACA airfoils, the study examines pressure distribution and velocity variation under different angles of attack and airfoil shapes, verifying the validity of Bernoulli's principle under assumptions of low-speed, incompressible, and ideal fluid flow, while also exploring its modifications and extensions under high-speed, compressible, and viscous flow conditions. The research reveals that Bernoulli's principle provides a foundation for understanding lift mechanisms, but a complete explanation requires integration with other fluid mechanics theories. This study enriches fluid mechanics curricula, enhances students' understanding of aerodynamics, and provides guidance for improving wing design.