Two Times by Postulate: Milne Doubled the Clock and Derived Neither Scale

E. A. Milne built his cosmogony on two times. One time, t, is the time in which the expansion of the universe takes place. The other time, τ, is the time of the fundamental particles, in which their internal processes run. The two times are related by a logarithmic transformation, and the transformation is a postulate, not a derivation. We show that neither scale can be derived from the other, and that neither scale can be derived from the expansion alone. The doubling of time is not a consequence of the physics. It is an assumption, built into the theory at the start, and it must be postulated in order to get the theory off the ground. This paper is not a history of Milne's theory. It is a demonstration that the theory's central structure, the two times, is not forced by anything else in the theory, and that it cannot be derived from the observations it was designed to explain. The theory stands, or falls, on the postulate of two times, and the postulate cannot be justified by the theory itself.