MODERN APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

This article examines contemporary approaches to strengthening psychological resilience among people exposed to emergencies, including natural hazards, technological accidents, displacement, and other disruptive events. A narrative comparative review of international guidance and peer-reviewed research considers psychological first aid, preparedness education, social connectedness, stress-management skills, and digitally supported interventions. The analysis distinguishes resilience as a dynamic adaptation process from the absence of distress and proposes a multi-level framework connecting individual skills, family and community resources, and institutional readiness. The findings suggest that preparedness programs should combine practical rehearsal, accessible communication, supportive social environments, and pathways to professional care. The paper is a literature-based analytical study; no original survey, intervention, or clinical outcomes are claimed.