True Enough Renderings? The Ethics of CGI Visualizations in Urban Design through Nelson Goodman and Catherine Elgin’s Lens

CGI visualizations are central to decision-making in the built environment but are often criticized for their potential to mislead, especially when the projected outcomes do not align with the final built reality. Unlike most CGI applications in entertainment, which rely on similar visual techniques but lack epistemic stakes and truth value, visualizations in urban and environmental planning raise significant ethical concerns. These concerns are particularly acute as they influence public perception and trust. As CGI visualizations advance in aesthetic realism, technological developments, and their capacity to shape public decision-making, addressing these issues becomes increasingly urgent. Drawing on the philosophical work of Nelson Goodman and Catherine Elgin, this paper examines how their concepts of projections, relevant conditions, and "true enough" models illuminate the complexities and ethical concerns surrounding CGI visualizations. By applying these frameworks to visualizations of public projects, the study explores the epistemic and ethical challenges inherent in projecting future environments through digital media.