Cryptocurrency Validation and Energy Transition in West Africa: A Comparative Analysis of PoW and PoS

This study examines the energy sustainability of blockchain technologies in West Africa, focusing on cryptocurrencies validated through Proof of Work (PoW). Using an economic estimation method inspired by the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI, 2024), international models are adapted to the specific realities of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). Data sources include national electricity pricing (Senelec, 2025), macroeconomic statistics (ANSD, 2023), regional monetary aggregates (BCEAO, 2023), and blockchain activity reports (Chainalysis, 2023). The analysis models daily energy consumption of crypto‑mining in Dakar, Abidjan, and Lomé, and simulates adoption scenarios. Results show that converting only 5% of Senegal’s M1 money supply into PoW‑based cryptocurrency would require energy equivalent to 144% of national demand, underscoring unsustainability. In contrast, Proof of Stake (PoS) reduces consumption by 99.95%, aligning blockchain adoption with energy transition goals. The paper highlights the need for proactive regulation, incentives for local innovation, and adapted energy governance to reconcile financial inclusion, digital sovereignty, and environmental responsibility. It provides a contextualized analytical framework relevant to policymakers, investors, and researchers engaged in sustainable technology development.