Auditing the Foundational Assumption of Cosmological Recession: Disentangling Dynamic FLRW Expansion from Stationary Temporal Clock Gradients via Strong-Lensing Time Delays and 12-Year SKA 21-cm Redshift Drift
For nearly a century, standard Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology has operated on a foundational, untested assumption: that single-epoch spectroscopic redshift (z) proves galaxies and neutral gas clouds are dynamically receding via metric spatial expansion a(t) and subject to historical gravitational deceleration. Until recently, spectrographic hardware lacked the ~1 cm/s precision required to audit this assumption in real time. Good scientific housekeeping dictates that no foundational axiom should remain untested once instrumentation crosses the threshold of detectability. In this paper, we first establish a rigorous taxonomy of cosmological and gravitational redshifts to eliminate persistent confusion between strong-lensing arrival time delays (which have been measured) and differential spectroscopic redshifts between lensed images (~10^-10, which have never been measured and are masked by the 10^-6 Birkinshaw-Gull moving-lens effect). Second, we demonstrate that existing strong-lensing time-delay cosmography already exposes a severe environmental split that violates uniform FLRW expansion: Supernova Refsdal, lensed through a dense galaxy cluster (MACS J1149.5+2223), yields H0 = 66.6 km/s/Mpc, whereas isolated galaxy lenses along open void-crossing sightlines (H0LiCOW/TDCOSMO) yield H0 = 73.3 km/s/Mpc. Third, we outline a low-cost piggyback audit using planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA) 21-cm neutral hydrogen absorption surveys over a 12-year baseline. At z > 2, Lambda-CDM mandates a negative velocity drift (dz/dt < 0) due to early matter-dominated deceleration. Conversely, if cosmological redshift arises within a stationary 13.8 Gly Kerr cavity governed by active Nucleonic Metric Tensioning (NMT) clock-rate gradients (g00) as derived in the PPKBH-4DFC framework, high-redshift clouds will exhibit a strictly positive drift (dz/dt > 0) scaling with line-of-sight void fraction. Should observations confirm that high-z structures are not decelerating, the PPKBH-4DFC temporal architecture preserves General Relativity while natively resolving the Hubble Tension, DESI dynamical dark energy (w0 = -0.81, wa = -0.95), and galactic rotation anomalies without unobservable dark-sector patches.
Authors
- Edward Rawdon Shearson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4255-8718)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-11-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23901372
- Primary Topic
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Type
- preprint