Guadua angustifolia Kunth in the Phytoremediation of Domestic Wastewater Using Constructed Wetlands

The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of Guadua angustifolia Kunth in the phytoremediation of domestic wastewater through artificial wetlands of vertical subsurface flow. An experimental study was developed with three treatments: a wetland with five plants (H1), another with ten plants (H2) and a control system without vegetation (Ht). Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), oils and fats and thermotolerant coliforms were analyzed. The results showed that H2 reached the highest removal percentages, with 98.0% for BOD5, 97.0% for COD, 95.5% for TSS, 69.1% for oils and fats and 80.5% for thermotolerant coliforms. Likewise, this treatment presented a favorable behavior regarding compliance with the Maximum Permissible Limits established in Peruvian regulations. It is concluded that Guadua angustifolia Kunth presents potential for its application in decentralized domestic wastewater treatment systems, particularly as an environmentally sustainable sanitation alternative.