Institutional Framework for Community Participation in Development Control:

Community participation is central to inclusive and sustainable development control, but its effectiveness depends on the institutional arrangements through which decisions are made. This study examines how the multiplicity of regulatory institutions affects community participation in development control in Karen and Buruburu residential communities in Nairobi. A qualitative case-study approach was adopted, drawing on key informant interviews, focus group discussions, documentary and archival review, direct observation, and media and social-media analysis. Findings show that fragmented institutional arrangements, overlapping mandates, weak inter-agency coordination, limited access to information and centralised decision-making constrain meaningful community participation. Although statutory mechanisms for participation exist, community engagement is frequently procedural and reactive, with residents often becoming involved after key development decisions have been made. Residents’ associations provide important channels for collective action, but their influence remains constrained by institutional responsiveness and power imbalances. The study proposes a collaborative institutional framework that clarifies regulatory roles, strengthens coordination and establishes clearer communication and participation pathways between regulatory agencies and communities.