Characterization of Gypsum Modified by Recycled and Virgin Polymers: Effect of Polymer Properties on Composite Properties

This research explores alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of industrial waste and indirectly mitigate carbon dioxide CO2 emissions by diverting waste from incineration through a circular economy model. The approach is to reuse these wastes as secondary aggregates in new materials, specifically for applications in the construction sector. The material being analyzed is a type B gypsum-based compound incorporating low-density (LDP), high-density (HDP) and polyurethane powder (PPO) particles. These recycled and virgin materials are obtained by mechanical crushing in several stages. The study examines how the relationship between the proportions of the mixture (R) and the amount of polyurethane used as an aggregate affects the properties of the compound. Density, mechanical strength and thermal resistance are mainly analyzed. For this purpose, a three-level two-factor experimental design (DOE) was used to evaluate the interactions between variables. The results indicate that the material with HDP shows notable improvements in bending and compressive strength, demonstrating a favorable structural transition that improves load-bearing capacity. Finally, clear recommendations are provided for optimizing mixtures, seeking a balance between sustainability and technical performance. This could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly solutions in industry, promoting more responsible practices in the production of building materials.