GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have transformed the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity and have more recently demonstrated clinically important effects across the cardiometabolic spectrum, including metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Earlier cardiovascular outcome trials established reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events by way of injectable forms in patients with diabetes, while newer evidence has expanded these findings to oral semaglutide and to other patient populations. This review summarizes the hepatic, cardiovascular, and heart-failure evidence for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists–based therapies and discusses remaining clinical uncertainties and future directions.