Swarnaprashan in Kaumarbhritya: A Comprehensive Review of Ayurvedic Concepts and Modern Scientific Evidence

Swarnaprashan is a traditional Ayurvedic paediatric practice described for promoting immunity, strength, intelligence, growth and overall health in children. In recent years, various preclinical and clinical studies have explored its immunomodulatory, nootropic, growth-promoting and other therapeutic effects. Objective: To review the available evidence regarding the uses, safety, efficacy and potential health benefits of Swarnabhasma and Swarnaprashana in children. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts and published scientific literature retrieved from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant medical sources. Studies evaluating immunomodulatory, nootropic, anxiolytic, growth and developmental, therapeutic and safety-related effects were reviewed and narratively summarized. Results: Available evidence suggests that Swarnaprashan may have immunomodulatory effects, with studies reporting changes in immunoglobulin levels and reduction in the frequency and severity of infections. Preclinical studies have also demonstrated potential nootropic, anxiolytic, anti-arthritic and antioxidant activities. Clinical studies reported improvements in growth parameters, behavior, IQ, learning and memory, and symptoms of nocturnal enuresis. Available safety studies did not demonstrate significant toxicity or major adverse effects at the investigated doses. Conclusion: Swarnaprashan appears to be a promising Ayurvedic intervention for preventive and supportive paediatric care, particularly in relation to immunity, growth, development and cognitive function. However, the existing evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials with standardized formulations, appropriate dosing, larger sample sizes and long-term safety assessment are required to establish its clinical efficacy and safety.