ENERGIA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA E SEUS IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NOS SISTEMAS DE BOMBEAMENTO DE ÁGUA EM COMUNIDADES RURAIS DO SEMIÁRIDO PIAUIENSE

The research examines the use of social technologies to address climate change and improve water security in the semi-arid region of Piauí, focusing on photovoltaic solar-powered water pumping systems installed in rural communities. The study investigated the socio-environmental impacts of these renewable energy systems through a comparative analysis of two case studies: an artisanal production unit associated with ecotourism in the Barreirinho community, municipality of Coronel José Dias, and an agroecological irrigation project in the Marcos Settlement, municipality of José de Freitas. The methodology combined a literature review, field research, semi-structured interviews with technicians, researchers and community members, as well as documentary analysis of institutional and scientific sources. The findings indicate that, despite the environmental and social challenges of the semi-arid region, photovoltaic water pumping systems contribute to improving water security, strengthening local productive activities, promoting sustainable resource management, and enhancing the quality of life of rural communities. The results also highlight the importance of strategic planning, technical support, and community participation for the long-term sustainability of these initiatives.