Efeitos do treinamento de força na qualidade de vida, composição corporal e parâmetros imunológicos de pessoas vivendo com HIV: uma revisão de literatura

BACKGROUND: Because HIV compromises the immune system, people living with HIV often experience reduced physical energy and a poorer perception of their quality of life (QoL). Given this, it is essential for them to be monitored by specialized professionals in order to implement therapeutic strategies aimed at minimizing complications and improving the quality of life for patients with HIV/AIDS.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of strength training (ST) on quality of life (QoL), body composition, muscle strength and immunological parameters of people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS: This is a structured literature review with a qualitative approach and exploratory character, conducted in SciELO, Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, from 2014 to 2024, with searches in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The selection process followed four structured stages: identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion. Twelve studies were included (ten primary studies and two reviews) that investigated the effects of ST in adult PLHIV (≥18 years), focusing on the outcomes of interest. RESULTS: ST proved promising as a non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART), such as sarcopenia and lipodystrophy. Improvements were observed in the physical, psychological and social domains of QoL, as well as gains in muscle strength and reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms. The effects on CD4+ cell counts and body composition showed variability, related to the heterogeneity of training protocols and assessment instruments.CONCLUSION: ST proved to be a promising complementary strategy for promoting health and autonomy in PLHIV. Standardization of protocols and the conduction of clinical trials with greater methodological rigor are recommended to consolidate the evidence on immunological outcomes.