Assessing the Effects of Gender-Based Violence on Educational Outcomes Among Adolescents in South Ethiopia Region Secondary Schools

Abstract Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a serious challenge to adolescents’ safety, well-being, and educational success. Physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological violence can disrupt students’ learning experiences and limit their opportunities to succeed academically. This study examined the effects of GBV on educational outcomes among adolescents attending secondary schools in the South Ethiopia Region. A mixed-methods approach using a convergent parallel design was employed, involving approximately 480 participants, including 422 adolescent students who completed structured questionnaires and about 58 key informants and focus group discussion participants. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. The findings revealed that adolescents who experienced GBV were more likely to miss school, participate less in classroom activities, lose motivation to learn, and perform poorly academically. Poverty, harmful gender norms, weak reporting mechanisms, and limited institutional support are further increased students’ vulnerability. Fear, emotional distress, stigma, and inadequate counseling and protection services also affected students’ concentration, confidence, and participation in school activities. These challenges undermined both academic progress and students’ sense of safety and belonging at school. The study concludes that GBV remains a significant barrier to safe, inclusive, and equitable education. Addressing this problem requires stronger school-based prevention initiatives, accessible reporting and counseling services, greater community awareness, and effective gender-responsive policies. Collaboration among schools, families, communities, and relevant institutions is essential to protecting adolescents, creating safer learning environments, and improving educational participation and achievement.