Critical Reading and Meaningful Interpretation: Literature Review and Analytical Methods for Cross-Disciplinary Knowledge Construction

Literature reviews are often treated as procedures for locating and summarizing prior studies, although their more consequential function is to transform dispersed claims into defensible knowledge. This conceptual article aims to clarify how critical reading, analytical treatment, meaningful interpretation, and cross-disciplinary knowledge construction can be integrated within a coherent review practice. It distinguishes review design, analytical methods, interpretive logic, synthesis, and knowledge claims, emphasizing that methodological transparency and interpretive depth are complementary rather than competing requirements. Systematic procedures strengthen traceability, whereas interpretive approaches reveal conceptual tensions, contextual differences, alternative meanings, and assumptions that aggregative summaries may overlook. To address problems of methodological misalignment, the article proposes the Critical Reading–Analysis–Interpretation–Knowledge Construction (CRAIK) framework. CRAIK connects review framing, critical reading, analysis, interpretation, and knowledge construction with the cross-cutting principles of reflexivity, transparency, and boundary awareness. It is presented as a conceptual alignment heuristic rather than a new review method or validated assessment instrument. The framework emphasizes coherence among review purpose, corpus, analytical object, interpretive reasoning, and the scope of the resulting claims. CRAIK may support conceptual article development, postgraduate research training, peer review, and cross-disciplinary inquiry. Further research should examine its applicability, consistency, and disciplinary adaptation across diverse scholarly contexts.