CYBERSECURITY OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (CPS) AND THE INDUSTRIAL INTERNET OF THINGS (IIOT) IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

The paper investigates the key problems and directions of ensuring the cybersecurity of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) under the Industry 4.0 concept. The transition from physically isolated technological networks to open, converged IT/OT infrastructures creates new risks of digital attacks on technological processes. Specific vulnerabilities of programmable logic controllers (PLCs), SCADA systems, and cloud IIoT platforms are analyzed. A multilayer Defense-in-Depth concept is proposed, combining network segmentation, secure data-exchange protocols (OPC UA Security, MQTT over TLS), and continuous monitoring based on machine learning; the countermeasures are mapped to the threats they address and to the foundational requirements of IEC 62443.