Deficit discourse in health research in Aotearoa New Zealand: a medical student’s case for strengths-based and Kaupapa Māori approaches

aim: The aim of this viewpoint was to examine how deficit discourse shapes health research and clinical practice in Aotearoa New Zealand and to argue that strengths-based framing and Kaupapa Māori methodologies should become standard expectations for researchers, clinicians, institutions and journals. method: A viewpoint was developed from the creation of an online module on strengths-based language for a Māori Health Advancement research curriculum, drawing on Kaupapa Māori scholarship and national and international evidence on the effects of deficit framing. results: Deficit framing remains routine in research, clinical documentation and quality improvement activity in Aotearoa. It obscures the structural determinants of inequity, transmits stigma between clinicians and reduces engagement with health services. Strengthsbased frames and Kaupapa Māori methodologies provide practical, evidence-informed alternatives, and specific responsibilities can be identified at each level of the research and health system. conclusion: The language of health research is an equity issue. Researchers, clinicians, institutions and journals in Aotearoa each hold distinct responsibilities to replace deficit discourse with mana-enhancing practice.