Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous And Ethanolic Extracts of seed of plants Trachyspermum roxburghianum and Apium leptophyllum of family Apiaceae

Background: Medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive compounds with potential antimicrobial properties. The increasing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance has encouraged the investigation of plantderived extracts as potential sources of antimicrobial agents. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of T. roxburghianum and A. leptophyllum against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of both plant extracts was evaluated against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli DH5α, and C. albicans using the disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition were measured at different concentrations of the extracts and compared with standard antimicrobial agents, including tetracycline, streptomycin, and fluconazole. The activity index was calculated to assess the antimicrobial activity of the extracts relative to the respective standards. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined to evaluate the inhibitory potential of the extracts. Results: Both plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, with variations depending on the plant species, extraction solvent, concentration, and microorganism. The ethanolic extracts generally demonstrated greater inhibitory activity than the aqueous extracts. Overall, the results indicated concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity, with higher extract concentrations generally producing greater zones of inhibition. Conclusion: The findings indicate that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of T. roxburghianum and A. leptophyllum possess in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal microorganisms. The observed activity, particularly that of the ethanolic extracts, supports further investigation of these plants for the identification and characterization of their bioactive constituents and their potential applications in antimicrobial research.