Changes in the operating systems of enterprises during a crisis period

The article examines changes in enterprises’ operating systems during a crisis period and the logic of their interrelation. It argues for a shift from profit maximization and efficiency to business continuity and survival, which requires reassessing all operational decisions. Based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific publications, a comparative analysis of operational models in stable and crisis periods, and a systems approach, changes are identified in five circuits of the operations system: supply chains (supplier diversification, the shift from Just-in-Time to Just-in-Case, localization), production (flexibility, reduction of SKUs, relocation and decentralization), personnel (flexible work formats, cross-functionality, output-based evaluation), finance (cost control, daily cash flow monitoring), and digitalization (cloud services, ERP/CRM systems, automation of routine operations). A conceptual model of operations system transformation is proposed, integrating crisis shocks, operational circuits, results, an anti-crisis headquarters, and a feedback loop through monitoring weak signals of destabilization and scenario planning. Particular attention is paid to the “price” of anti-crisis modifications: each decision generates trade-offs in other circuits (for example, safety stocks limit liquidity, and decentralized production requires digital coordination), which is systematized in a comparative table. The results show that transformation effectiveness depends not on isolated measures but on their coherence and alignment with an enterprise’s resource capabilities. The results can be used to select and prioritize anti-crisis measures, taking into account a particular enterprise’s resources. Prospects for further research include empirical verification of the model at Ukrainian enterprises of different industries, development of quantitative indicators of operational resilience, and assessment of the cost-effectiveness of individual anti-crisis measures. Keywords: enterprise operations system; crisis period; anti-crisis management; changes; supply chains; operational flexibility; digitalization; conceptual model.