Toxic and genotoxic effects of Atine® phytoextract on Drosophila melanogaster and Allium cepa

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxic and genotoxic effects of Atine® extract on the model organisms A. cepa and D. melanogaster. Methods. The toxic and genotoxic effects of the Atine® extract were studied using the Allium test. The toxic effects on D. melanogaster were assessed under conditions of exposure on agar medium and in a liquid feeding model. The effect of the extract on the reproductive potential of D. melanogaster under conditions of prolonged exposure was assessed by the number of offspring on agar medium, and genotoxicity was studied in a repair assay. Results. The effect of the Atine® extract on A. cepa within the tested concentrations manifested as a significant suppression of the mitotic index in the apical meristem of the onion root, an increase in the proportion of chromosomal aberrations, predominantly micronuclei and deformed nuclei. Under conditions of Atine® extract consumption by D. melanogaster in an agarized nutrient medium, no negative effect on adult survival was detected, but 100% mortality of larvae at an early stage of development was observed at a concentration of 6.66%. However, when the extract was administered in a liquid feeding model at concentrations ranging from 0.17% to 2.66%, the LD50 was 0.213%. In the repair test, 0.41% Atine® exhibited pronounced genotoxic activity. Conclusions. Atine® extract, within the concentrations studied, exhibited pronounced cytostatic and genotoxic effects on the model organisms A. cepa and D. melanogaster.