Network Analysis of Outdoor Academic Programs in the United States

The professional network supporting outdoor academic programs (OAPs) had been largely unexamined, even though many of these programs have specialized risk management, academic, and institutional concerns that could benefit from a strong network of support. This study utilized social network analysis (SNA) to systematically map and analyze the self-reported connections between OAPs in the United States, investigating how these programs may be connected and positioned to draw upon social capital. Findings indicate 60% of OAPs reported no network connections (isolates) and that no reported network ties were reciprocated, suggesting a lack of functional, mutual exchange within the field. The results highlighted potential professional isolation and a potential hierarchal network structure. Notably, neither institutional nor program characteristics predicted an OAP’s isolate status or peer nomination frequency. Analysis revealed institutional control and religious affiliation exerted moderate homophilic effects on network selection, while program type demonstrated a strong heterophilic effect. Recommendations are discussed for fostering reciprocal ties and strengthening professional collectivism to enhance program support.