The 2C model: examining the synergy between institutions to improve digital literacy

Purpose This research aimed to (1) analyze the ability of government and nongovernment institutions in coordinating and collaborating to form institutional synergy in empowering digital literacy in micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) and (2) formulate a “2C” Model (coordination and collaboration) that facilitates effective institutional synergy Design/methodology/approach Qualitative and quantitative methods were used with informants from institutions within the city government and state-owned enterprises. Qualitatively, in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain information on the implementation of coordination and collaboration. Quantitatively, weaknesses, opportunities and threats from the implementation of coordination and cooperation were analyzed to obtain strengths Findings Public institutions underexamined coordination and collaboration despite shared objectives, leading to fragmented programs and underutilized resources. This research proposed 2C model, positioning coordination and collaboration as a foundational process and strategic mechanism to integrate cross-sector resources and build institutional synergy for enhancing digital literacy in a developing-country context. Originality/value The results connect two institutions under different leadership with the same goal of improving digital literacy in MSME. Therefore, the developed 2C model serves as a guide for institutions to synergize, coordinate and collaborate, combining various inputs and processes to increase the number of small and micro businesses.