Boundary limits of the matrix geometric mean and the failure of unrestricted GLT closure

Unrefereed research candidate. In one sentence: the matrix geometric mean can jump at singular matrices, every possible jump is described by one rank condition, and the same mechanism refutes a published claim that the symbol of the geometric mean of two GLT matrix-sequences is always the geometric mean of their symbols. The geometric mean A#B of two positive definite matrices is the matrix analogue of √(ab), used to average covariance matrices and structured matrices and to define the Matsumoto fidelity of quantum states. It need not be continuous at singular pairs. Theorem 1 shows that X is a limit of Aj#Bj with positive definite Aj → A, Bj → B exactly when X ≽ 0, the block matrix [[A, X], [X, B]] is positive semidefinite and its rank is at most the dimension N (a dilation description with an auxiliary contraction already follows from recent work of Jones; the explicit elimination is the contribution). At equal inputs this gives the full set of limits and the exact interval of limiting Matsumoto fidelities. For generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) matrix-sequences, uniformly bounded positive definite inputs with identical scalar symbols can have geometric means with the wrong symbol (4/5 instead of 1 on half the interval) or no eigenvalue distribution at all. This refutes Theorem 4 and Conjecture 1 of the arXiv version of Ilyas, Khan, Loi and Serra-Capizzano and, according to an AI-assisted reading of the published text, Theorem 3 and Conjecture 1 of their article in Linear Algebra Appl. (2025); the failing step of the proof is located. Positive results: closure for every Kubo-Ando mean when the sum of the symbols is positive definite almost everywhere; a one-sided theorem that the regularised symbol is always an upper envelope; and, for bounded Riemann-integrable scalar symbols of the space variable only, a sharp dichotomy (the formula holds for every realisation if and only if the symbols have no common zero set of positive measure or essentially disjoint supports). The classical two-dimensional discontinuity, Ando's maximal characterisation and the envelope X ≼ A#B are earlier work and are credited. The archive contains the manuscript (PDF and Markdown source), two figures with the script that draws them, an exact verifier (verify_exact.py, Python standard library only, 1,030 rational and Gaussian-rational checks of closed forms and finite assemblies, with a mutation self-test) and its retained output, the bibliography with its Crossref/arXiv records, the dated novelty ledger, a revision note, CI and SHA-256 sums. Assurance: written proofs; the verifier checks finite exact identities, not the theorems' limits or quantifiers; internal AI-assisted review only (not human peer review, independent reproduction or formal verification). Creator: Anonymous. Text and figures CC0-1.0; code MIT.

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23912962
Primary Topic
Mathematical Inequalities and Applications
Type
preprint
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preprint

Boundary limits of the matrix geometric mean and the failure of unrestricted GLT closure

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Mathematical Inequalities and Applications
preprint

Boundary limits of the matrix geometric mean and the failure of unrestricted GLT closure

preprint en

Abstract

Unrefereed research candidate. In one sentence: the matrix geometric mean can jump at singular matrices, every possible jump is described by one rank condition, and the same mechanism refutes a published claim that the symbol of the geometric mean of two GLT matrix-sequences is always the geometric mean of their symbols. The geometric mean A#B of two positive definite matrices is the matrix analogue of √(ab), used to average covariance matrices and structured matrices and to define the Matsumoto fidelity of quantum states. It need not be continuous at singular pairs. Theorem 1 shows that X is a limit of Aj#Bj with positive definite Aj → A, Bj → B exactly when X ≽ 0, the block matrix [[A, X], [X, B]] is positive semidefinite and its rank is at most the dimension N (a dilation description with an auxiliary contraction already follows from recent work of Jones; the explicit elimination is the contribution). At equal inputs this gives the full set of limits and the exact interval of limiting Matsumoto fidelities. For generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) matrix-sequences, uniformly bounded positive definite inputs with identical scalar symbols can have geometric means with the wrong symbol (4/5 instead of 1 on half the interval) or no eigenvalue distribution at all. This refutes Theorem 4 and Conjecture 1 of the arXiv version of Ilyas, Khan, Loi and Serra-Capizzano and, according to an AI-assisted reading of the published text, Theorem 3 and Conjecture 1 of their article in Linear Algebra Appl. (2025); the failing step of the proof is located. Positive results: closure for every Kubo-Ando mean when the sum of the symbols is positive definite almost everywhere; a one-sided theorem that the regularised symbol is always an upper envelope; and, for bounded Riemann-integrable scalar symbols of the space variable only, a sharp dichotomy (the formula holds for every realisation if and only if the symbols have no common zero set of positive measure or essentially disjoint supports). The classical two-dimensional discontinuity, Ando's maximal characterisation and the envelope X ≼ A#B are earlier work and are credited. The archive contains the manuscript (PDF and Markdown source), two figures with the script that draws them, an exact verifier (verify_exact.py, Python standard library only, 1,030 rational and Gaussian-rational checks of closed forms and finite assemblies, with a mutation self-test) and its retained output, the bibliography with its Crossref/arXiv records, the dated novelty ledger, a revision note, CI and SHA-256 sums. Assurance: written proofs; the verifier checks finite exact identities, not the theorems' limits or quantifiers; internal AI-assisted review only (not human peer review, independent reproduction or formal verification). Creator: Anonymous. Text and figures CC0-1.0; code MIT.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Mathematical Inequalities and Applications
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