Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Amorphophallus Variabilis Leaf Extract: Structural Characterization and Antibacterial Activity

The fabrication of plant-derived nanomaterials is becoming a sustainable, straightforward, and economical approach. In this research, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were produced utilizing aqueous leaf extracts from Amorphophallus variabilis as bio-reductants and stabilizers. The novel Ag nanoparticles was explained by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, HRTEM, DLS and TGA evaluations. According to XRD analysis, the Ag NPs are highly crystalline and exhibit a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure with (111), (200), (220), and (311) reflections. FTIR analysis revealed changes in absorption bands within the 800–1500 cm⁻¹ range, indicating the involvement of bioactive plant compounds in the reduction of Ag⁺ ions and the stabilization of the nanoparticles. FESEM-EDX analysis confirmed the characteristic elemental signature of silver, thereby validating the formation of Ag NPs. Based on HRTEM analysis, the synthesized nanoparticles were primarily found to have spherical and ellipsoidal structures with an average size 28.74 nm. The prepared Ag nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. According to the zones of inhibition produced by Ag NPs did not differ significantly from those of ciprofloxacin. This indicates that Ag nanoparticles synthesized using A. variabilis leaf extract possess effective antibacterial potential and could serve as promising nanomaterials for biomedical and environmental applications.