Antidiagonal and square averages for amenable groups

We prove that, for commuting unitary representations $U,V$ of a countable amenable group $G$, the averages $$ D_F=\frac1{|F|}\sum_{g\in F}U_g^*V_g $$ have a common selfadjoint weak operator limit along all left and right \Folner{} sequences, with strong* convergence along two-sided sequences. This answers Bergelson's question on commuting actions. For any unitary representation $π$, we also prove that $A_F=|F|^{-1}\sum_{g\in F}π(g^2)$ converges strongly along right \Folner{} sequences to a selfadjoint central operator supported on the finite type~I part of $π(G)''$; the adjoints $A_F^*$ converge strongly along left \Folner{} sequences. This settles the convergence question for square averages posed by Bergelson and Rodríguez-Martín. For measure-preserving actions of finitely generated amenable or countable virtually FC groups, we obtain $$ \lim_n\frac1{|F_n|}\sum_{g\in F_n}μ(A\cap T_{g^2}A)>0 \qquad\text{whenever }μ(A)>0. $$ For each $\varepsilon>0$, the set $\{g:μ(A\cap T_{g^2}A)>μ(A)^2-\varepsilon\}$ meets every Bohr neighborhood of the identity in a set of positive lower density, uniformly over \Folner{} sequences. These intersections are also left and right IP$^*$ for virtually FC groups. We construct a unitary representation $π$ of a locally finite nilpotent group and a weakly mixing vector $f$ for which $\{g:\text{Re}\langleπ(g^2)f,f\rangle>-\varepsilon\}$ has upper Banach density zero for small $\varepsilon>0$. We also give a weakly mixing action of a two-generated solvable group for which the IP$^*$ conclusion fails. The recurrence results yield product sets $BB$ inside difference sets, with $B$ of positive upper density.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
arXiv (Cornell University)
Published
2026-11-02
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2611.02901
Primary Topic
Advanced Operator Algebra Research
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
preprint

Antidiagonal and square averages for amenable groups

Xiaofang Luo
arXiv (Cornell University)
Advanced Operator Algebra Research
preprint

Antidiagonal and square averages for amenable groups

Xiaofang Luo
preprint en

Abstract

We prove that, for commuting unitary representations $U,V$ of a countable amenable group $G$, the averages $$ D_F=\frac1{|F|}\sum_{g\in F}U_g^*V_g $$ have a common selfadjoint weak operator limit along all left and right \Folner{} sequences, with strong* convergence along two-sided sequences. This answers Bergelson's question on commuting actions. For any unitary representation $π$, we also prove that $A_F=|F|^{-1}\sum_{g\in F}π(g^2)$ converges strongly along right \Folner{} sequences to a selfadjoint central operator supported on the finite type~I part of $π(G)''$; the adjoints $A_F^*$ converge strongly along left \Folner{} sequences. This settles the convergence question for square averages posed by Bergelson and Rodríguez-Martín. For measure-preserving actions of finitely generated amenable or countable virtually FC groups, we obtain $$ \lim_n\frac1{|F_n|}\sum_{g\in F_n}μ(A\cap T_{g^2}A)>0 \qquad\text{whenever }μ(A)>0. $$ For each $\varepsilon>0$, the set $\{g:μ(A\cap T_{g^2}A)>μ(A)^2-\varepsilon\}$ meets every Bohr neighborhood of the identity in a set of positive lower density, uniformly over \Folner{} sequences. These intersections are also left and right IP$^*$ for virtually FC groups. We construct a unitary representation $π$ of a locally finite nilpotent group and a weakly mixing vector $f$ for which $\{g:\text{Re}\langleπ(g^2)f,f\rangle>-\varepsilon\}$ has upper Banach density zero for small $\varepsilon>0$. We also give a weakly mixing action of a two-generated solvable group for which the IP$^*$ conclusion fails. The recurrence results yield product sets $BB$ inside difference sets, with $B$ of positive upper density.

arXiv (Cornell University)
Advanced Operator Algebra Research
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon
Antidiagonal and square averages for amenable groups — Xiaofang Luo · arXiv (Cornell University) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS