MathOverflow 516405, revision 1: the second adjacency eigenvalue of Apollonian networks and the fixed-rank extreme spectrum
We prove the affirmative answer to MathOverflow question 516405, revision 1: the second ordinary adjacency eigenvalue of deterministic inner-face Apollonian networks divided by 2^(m/2) tends to sqrt(2). For every fixed rank r, the largest and smallest adjacency eigenvalues divided by 2^(m/2) converge to plus and minus sqrt(d_r), where the decreasing weight sequence consists of 3, three copies of 2, and 3^j copies of 3*2^(-j) for each j >= 1. An exact cutoff Gram identity gives a finite-stage bound and an O_r(2^(-m/4)) rate. The original second-eigenvalue limit is the scope of the pinned Lean declaration; the fixed-rank and quantitative extensions have written proofs.
Authors
- Wenlin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2414-7968)
- Haobo Ma
Institutions
- National University of Singapore (SG)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-11-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23919070
- Primary Topic
- Graph theory and applications
- Type
- preprint