MathOverflow 516405, revision 1: the second adjacency eigenvalue of Apollonian networks and the fixed-rank extreme spectrum

We prove the affirmative answer to MathOverflow question 516405, revision 1: the second ordinary adjacency eigenvalue of deterministic inner-face Apollonian networks divided by 2^(m/2) tends to sqrt(2). For every fixed rank r, the largest and smallest adjacency eigenvalues divided by 2^(m/2) converge to plus and minus sqrt(d_r), where the decreasing weight sequence consists of 3, three copies of 2, and 3^j copies of 3*2^(-j) for each j >= 1. An exact cutoff Gram identity gives a finite-stage bound and an O_r(2^(-m/4)) rate. The original second-eigenvalue limit is the scope of the pinned Lean declaration; the fixed-rank and quantitative extensions have written proofs.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23919070
Primary Topic
Graph theory and applications
Type
preprint
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MathOverflow 516405, revision 1: the second adjacency eigenvalue of Apollonian networks and the fixed-rank extreme spectrum

Wenlin Zhang, Haobo Ma
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Graph theory and applications
preprint

MathOverflow 516405, revision 1: the second adjacency eigenvalue of Apollonian networks and the fixed-rank extreme spectrum

Wenlin Zhang, Haobo Ma
preprint en

Abstract

We prove the affirmative answer to MathOverflow question 516405, revision 1: the second ordinary adjacency eigenvalue of deterministic inner-face Apollonian networks divided by 2^(m/2) tends to sqrt(2). For every fixed rank r, the largest and smallest adjacency eigenvalues divided by 2^(m/2) converge to plus and minus sqrt(d_r), where the decreasing weight sequence consists of 3, three copies of 2, and 3^j copies of 3*2^(-j) for each j >= 1. An exact cutoff Gram identity gives a finite-stage bound and an O_r(2^(-m/4)) rate. The original second-eigenvalue limit is the scope of the pinned Lean declaration; the fixed-rank and quantitative extensions have written proofs.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
National University of Singapore (SG)
Graph theory and applications
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