Electromagnetic Interference Robustness and Synchro-nization Scalability in Wireless Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles

The transition toward wireless battery management systems (wBMS) promises a substantial reduction in wiring complexity and mass for electric-vehicle (EV) battery packs, yet automotive-grade deployment is still constrained by two interlocking barriers: electromagnetic-interference (EMI) robustness and network-synchronization scalability. Building directly on a companion study that experimentally validated an eight-node chip-on-cell wireless cell-monitoring-unit (CMU) network based on the Dukosi DK8x02 platform, this paper develops and calibrates an analytical framework that projects how that demonstrated architecture, together with a representative time-divisionmultiple- access (TDMA) alternative, behaves as pack size grows toward automotive-relevant node counts. A near-field/far-field link-budget model quantifies the link-margin erosion produced by traction-inverter switching noise for the near-field-communication (NFC) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) physical layers; a bit-error-rate model translates that margin into packet-failure probability; and a discrete time-slot model propagates packet failure into network-formation latency and pack-level current draw, calibrated against the 0.09 A per-CMU current measured in the companion demonstrator and against published automotive wireless-BMS benchmarks. The results show that polling-based NFC networks scale linearly but with roughly an order-of-magnitude higher latency than TDMA/BLE architectures, that electro-magnetic aggression measurably yet noncatastrophically inflates both latency and current draw once adequate link margin and frequencyhopping are present, and that only the TDMA/BLE branch is presently positioned to meet ASILD- class functional-safety timing budgets under ISO 26262. The paper closes with concrete design guidance on shielding placement, slot-time budgeting, and standards alignment for next-generation automotive wBMS.