Research on Route Optimization for Electric Vehicles Leveraging 5G-Enabled Vehicular Networks

With the deep deployment of 5G in intelligent transportation, 5G Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an important carrier for vehicle-road collaboration, smart mobility and intelligent transportation development. Taking into account the differentiated travel behaviors of electric vehicles, the incomplete spatiotemporal traffic parameters and the limited collaborative perception and decision-making, this paper presents a systematic 5G-IoV traffic model for complex urban scenarios. Electric vehicles are classified as taxis, commuter private cars, and other functional vehicles based on global traffic statistics and industry norms, excluding pure electric busses with fixed charging patterns. In this study, the parameters of vehicle state and multi-type travel chains are defined by mathematical models, including normal distributions to describe the patterns of vehicle departure and return for different travel chains. The 5G-IoV model integrates 5G-V2X vehicle-road collaboration, smart mobility, and digital automotive supply chain management, and integrates with vehicle-road-cloud to support comprehensive modeling of vehicle perception, information interaction, traffic scheduling, and operation and maintenance. The results show that the model can effectively reflect the differentiated spatiotemporal travel characteristics, and is helpful for traffic simulation and collaborative scheduling. Major challenges include security and privacy risks, technical incompatibility, lack of infrastructure and immature business models.