Effects of free primary education on pupils' academic Achievement in primary schools; a case of selected primary schools in Nchelenge district of Luapula province in Zambia.

This study examined the perceived effects and implementation challenges of Free Primary Education (FPE) in selected primary schools in Nchelenge District, Zambia. A descriptive survey design combining quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. The study involved 50 respondents from six primary schools, comprising 35 pupils and 15 teachers or education personnel. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, group discussions and observations, and were analysed descriptively using frequencies, percentages and narrative summaries. Respondents associated FPE with improved school enrolment, reduced early marriages, improved relationships and communication, reduced absenteeism or improved attendance, and increased community development. Reported implementation challenges included teacher shortages, over-enrolment, insufficient desks, inadequate teachers, concerns about examination-centre access, insufficient teaching and learning materials and inadequate classrooms.