Managing cow milking efficiency at enterprises with varying levels of financial resources

The article compares the effectiveness of different cow-milking technologies in agricultural enterprises with varying levels of financial support. It notes that improving the efficiency and sustainability of dairy cattle breeding requires modernizing production processes, particularly by introducing modern milking technologies. Milking efficiency directly affects milk volume and quality, labor and resource costs, sanitary and hygienic indicators, and the enterprise’s overall results. A differentiated approach to managing the milking process is particularly important, depending on enterprises’ financial capabilities, since their financial resources determine access to modern milking equipment, automation technologies, and digital monitoring. High financial support for agricultural producers allows them to purchase more expensive milking equipment, which, as a rule, is characterized by higher productivity and enables implementation of the technological process with lower labor costs. However, Tandem milking units have lower absolute and specific electricity consumption than Carousel units, indicating higher energy efficiency in the milking process. The practical significance of the results lies in their potential use by agricultural enterprises to justify the choice of milking and milk cooling equipment, taking into account the level of financial support. The proposed approach enables assessment of investment needs, operating costs, and the energy efficiency of various technological solutions, helping improve milking efficiency and the economic efficiency of milk production. Future research should further assess the economic efficiency of various milking technologies by considering cow productivity, milk quality, labor and energy costs, investment payback periods, and the potential for automation and digital monitoring of production processes. Keywords: efficiency; agricultural enterprises; dairy farming; milking technologies; management.