Determination of Aluminum and Gallium Ions Using Sorption- Spectroscopic Methods

This article analyzes modern approaches to the determination of aluminum and gallium ions by sorption-spectroscopic methods. Immobilized organic reagents, modified silica gel, and solid-phase extraction materials used in the analytical determination of Al and Ga ions are reviewed. In addition, the use of anion-exchange and amidoxime-based resins, graphite oxide, and other functional sorbents is presented. The advantages and limitations of combining sorption processes with spectrophotometry, fluorescence, luminescence, and atomic absorption spectrometry are analyzed. The literature data highlight the possibilities of selective separation of Al and Ga ions from complex-matrix samples, natural waters, biological materials, and technological solutions. Preconcentration capabilities are also shown. In addition, the complexation of metal ions with ligands and the influence of these processes on sorption efficiency are discussed. The functional groups of the sorbent, the pH of the solution, the chemical form of the metal ion in solution, and the presence of foreign ions are assessed as important factors in the formation of the analytical signal.