Assessing HIV/AIDS Trends and Prevalence Patterns in Nizamabad District: A Statistical Approach

Background: HIV/AIDS remains an important public health concern, requiring consistent surveillance and accessible testing services. District-level analysis of recorded testing outcomes can provide useful information for public health planning. Methods: This study examined HIV testing activity, detected positive cases and test positivity in Nizamabad District, Telangana, across five reporting periods from 2020–2021 to 2024–2025. Aggregate secondary data supplied by the District AIDS Prevention and Control Unit (DAPCU), Nizamabad, were analysed using descriptive statistics, percentage calculations and year-wise comparisons. Results: The annual number of HIV tests increased from 68,978 in 2020–2021 to 129,630 in 2023–2024, while detected positive cases increased from 352 to 538. Test positivity increased from approximately 0.51% in 2020–2021 to 0.54% in 2021–2022, declined to 0.39% in 2022–2023 and subsequently increased to 0.42% in 2023–2024. During the partial 2024–2025 reporting period, 53,245 tests and 237 positive cases were recorded, corresponding to approximately 0.45% positivity. Across all five reporting periods, 1,983 positive cases were recorded among 441,837 tests, yielding an overall positivity rate of approximately 0.45%. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate variations in recorded testing activity and positivity across the reporting periods. These results describe testing outcomes rather than population HIV prevalence or incidence. The incomplete final reporting period requires cautious interpretation. Consistent surveillance, reliable reporting and accessible testing services remain important considerations for district-level public health planning.