Protection of Medical Information Confidentiality as a Function of State Power: Legal Mechanisms and Implementation Challenges

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of protecting the confidentiality of medical information as a special function of state power in the context of the digital transformation of healthcare. The urgency of the problem is due to the introduction of EGISZ, the increasing economic value of medical data, the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, the fragmentation of legal regulation and the challenges of the globalization of medical services. The article analyzes the multilevel system of legal support for the confidentiality of medical information in the Russian Federation, identifies problems of terminological inconsistency, lack of certainty of criteria for the legality of data disclosure, and gaps in regulating the processing of biometric and genetic information. The new risks of the digital age are being examined: the vulnerability of centralized information systems, the problem of re‑identifying anonymized data, and the ethical and legal dilemmas associated with the use of artificial intelligence.