Phyllosphere microbes boost tomato antiviral resistancegh jasmonate signalling

Viral diseases severely constrain global tomato production, yet the role of the phyllosphere microbiome in antiviral defense remains poorly understood. Here, we show that virus-resistant and virus-susceptible tomato germplasms harbor markedly distinct phyllosphere bacterial communities in composition and network structure, with Pseudomonas and Bacillus identified as keystone taxa driving disease resistance. Through culturomics-based isolation, we constructed a five-strain synthetic community (SynCom 5) that significantly enhanced the antiviral capacity of susceptible tomato accessions. Integrating transcriptomics, phytohormone profiling, and validation with JA-pathway mutants (jai1 and spr8), we demonstrate that SynCom 5 suppresses viral infection partially by activating host jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling, with additional JA-independent pathways contributing to this defense. This study provides candidate microbial resources and a mechanistic framework for microbiome-assisted, sustainable control of tomato viral diseases.