A Polycomponent Vitamin–Amino Acid Formula Rejuvenates Aged Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Modulating Senescence and Regenerative Pathways

Skin aging is a multifactorial process that is regulated and preceded by changes at the cellular and molecular level, including chronic low-grade inflammation, senescence and altered intercellular communication. Several therapeutic approaches, including mesotherapy and dermal fillers, have been developed to ameliorate the visible signs of skin aging; however, their effects are primarily focused on improving tissue structure and appearance rather than directly targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying the aging process. Here, we used an in vitro model of UVB-induced dermal fibroblast senescence to evaluate the effect of a polycomponent formula based on amino acids and vitamins on key hallmarks of skin aging. Our results showed the formula modulated senescence, epigenetic and repair genes in senescent dermal fibroblasts (senomorphic effect), while exerting a reduction in senescent cell number (senolytic effect). Conditioned medium from senescent fibroblasts treated with the formula stimulated extracellular matrix production and cell activation in healthy fibroblasts. Moreover, the formula upregulated growth factor gene expression in adipose-derived stem cells. Thus, our research shows a potent biostimulatory and regenerative response of the proposed formula in aged skin and adipose stem cells, indicating the potential use of these compounds in dermal fillers and other injectable products aimed at regenerating and rejuvenating skin and deep adipose tissue.