An MLIR Dialect for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing (Poster)

To achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), a compilation pipeline must address quantum error-correcting codes, syndrome extraction, magic-state distillation, and physical-gate decomposition. We introduce FTQC, an open-source dialect for MLIR (Multi-Level Intermediate Representation) that treats these concerns as first-class constructs in the intermediate representation (IR). Logical qubits are type-safe static single-assignment (SSA) values parameterized by their error-correcting code and distance, letting the compiler enforce code and distance compatibility at the type level. The dialect provides operations covering the logical life-cycle: encoded initialization, transversal Clifford gates, $T$ gates and Toffoli gates by magic-state injection, syndrome extraction, and distillation. A resource estimator derives physical-qubit counts and logical error rates directly from ECC metadata in the IR, and three validated backends emit OpenQASM 3, QIR (Quantum Intermediate Representation), and Stim. Across four benchmarking quantum circuits, end-to-end compilation completes in under 15 ms, and a full logical-error-rate sweep through Stim runs in under 4s for quantum circuits of up to 52 physical qubits.