Supporting work participation through a community-based workforce development program: A mixed-methods evaluation for outcome and process

Background: Community-based workforce development programs (WDPs) are increasingly used in Canada to improve labor-market participation among marginalized adults facing multiple barriers, yet evaluation evidence remains limited. Methods: We conducted a summative, utilization-focused, mixed-methods evaluation of the Bissell Centre WDP in Edmonton, Alberta. Administrative data for 62 adults who completed the 12-week in-class program phase and reached 6-month follow-up were analyzed to estimate employment at 3 and 6 months, employment duration, and wage. Semi-structured interviews with 14 participants examined perceived mechanisms of change. Results: At 6 months, 56.5% participants ( n = 35) were employed. Among those employed at least once ( n = 53), mean employment duration was 83 days (SD = 45.8) and mean wage was CAD $20.70/hour. Qualitative interviews identified three themes that supported employment: rebuilding routine, belonging, and readiness for work; exploring occupational identity and work-related capacities; environmental instability limited sustained work participation. Conclusions: Short-term workforce attachment is an achievable and meaningful outcome for marginalized adults when workforce development training is integrated with occupationally meaningful routines, social belonging, and practical support. Sustained progress, however, depends on cross-sector collaboration that bridges employment initiatives to transform early attachment into lasting economic inclusion.