СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ПОДОЛАННЯ ДЕФІЦИТУ ГЕНЕРУЮЧИХПОТУЖНОСТЕЙ ТА ПОРІВНЯННЯ З ЕНЕРГОСИСТЕМОЮ УКРАЇНИ

Purpose. The study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of global engineering scenarios for overcoming generating capacity shortages and to provide a scientific substantiation of the operational features of the Unified Energy System of Ukraine under centralized control of hourly shutdown schedules and parallel synchronous operation with ENTSO-E. Methods. The paper applies methods of systems and comparative technical- economic analysis of crisis operational modes based on official government reports. Results. International experience (models of Armenia, the Balkans, South Africa, Lebanon, Tajikistan, and the EU) is systematized based on criteria of grid controllability preservation. A core systemic technological paradox is formulated, according to which the risk of a destabilizing «charging avalanche» effect scales up in the energy system of Ukraine precisely due to the successful preservation of national grid integrity and high operational discipline of Ukrenergo’s dispatch control. Energizing feeders according to hourly shutdown queues artificially synchronizes the consumer demand of a large number of residential inverters, forcing them to simultaneously charge batteries via the Constant Current algorithm. This action drives the group coincidence factor to its upper limits, resulting in prolonged overloads. Scientific novelty. The physical nature of the «charging avalanche» in distribution networks has been mathematically substantiated as a process fundamentally different from the classical Cold Load Pickup theory regarding the duration and behavior of active load profiles. Practical significance. The study establishes the fundamental theoretical and methodological frameworks for the further comprehensive investigation of the «charging avalanche» phenomenon across the national grid.