Qualitative Study on the Role of AI-Driven Problem Based Learning in Transforming Biology Classroom for Dual Mandate System in Nigeria

Dual mandate - the federal College of Education act 2023 signed by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu legally and officially empowered these institutions to award education degrees while the NCE programmes continues. The Nigerian curriculum for biology at the senior secondary school level is designed to help students develop a range of skills which include understanding biological concepts and principles, application of the knowledge to solve real-life situations, problem solving skills and ability to communicate biological ideas and concepts effectively. Problem based learning is a pedagogical approach that involves students learning through the experience of solving real world problems. It is a student centered approach that encourages critical and creative thinking, collaboration, active learning and application of skills to solve real world problems. Problem based learning can be effectively integrated with STEM subjects; science, technology, education and mathematics. Problem based learning is grounded in several theories like constructivist, social constructivism posits by Vygotsky 1978. Artificial Intelligence has the potential to make up for the shortcomings of traditional problem based learning by giving full account of students reports in the project, timely feedback and helps teachers to monitor students learning outcome. AI tools used in education/science include machine learning algorithms; natural language processing techniques which are used to create personalized learning; AI powered VR or AR are also used. AI driven PBL used include Khammigo or custom GPT, Google Docs, Padlet AI, Gradescope, Google sheets etc. The global AI in education market size was estimated at USD 5.88 billion in 2024 is projected to grow at Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 31.2% from 2025 to 2030. However, with PBL, the teachers have to provide students with necessary resources e.g. learning materials, tools and technological support as well as guidance. One of the opportunities of integrating AI in education include personalized learning, creating more interactive and immersive learning experiences, games and simulations that boost students confidence, motivation and persistence leading to improved academic achievement.