Moringa oleifera: A promising candidate for managing metabolic syndrome

Objective: Metabolic syndrome, as defined, is not a disease in and of itself but rather a collection of metabolic risk factors that frequently coexist. Abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and low amounts of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are among the risk factors. Moringa oleifera possesses hypotensive, anti-obesity, hypolipidemic, and anti-diabetic properties. Our study aims to determine if M. oleifera and its main constituents are potentially beneficial in treating metabolic syndrome and its accompanying complications. Materials and Methods: This narrative review was conducted on the effects of M. oleifera and its main constituents against metabolic syndrome by searching different electronic databases. Results: M. oleifera exerts multifaceted effects on metabolic syndrome through distinct molecular pathways. It improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose tolerance, lowering fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and modulating α-glucosidase activity and glucose transporters. Its antioxidant properties restore hepatic enzyme balance, protect pancreatic islets, and reduce oxidative damage. Anti-obesity actions include inhibiting adipogenesis, reducing triglyceride storage, increasing adipocyte apoptosis and adiponectin levels. Lipid-modulating effects involve elevating HDL, reducing high-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol, and regulating lipid-related genes and receptor activity. For blood pressure control, it promotes vasodilation via nitric oxide enhancement and calcium influx inhibition. Conclusion: Based on previous investigations, there is evidence suggesting that M. oleifera has the potential to control metabolic syndrome and mitigate its complications. However, it is important to note that further preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to validate and confirm the beneficial effects of this herb on metabolic syndrome.