Mapping the Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Driving Factors of Urban Flood Resilience: Evidence from Fujian Province, China

Global climate change and rapid urbanization can lead to frequent urban flooding, making urban flood resilience (UFR) an important component of ensuring sustainable urban development. This study developed an evaluation indicator system for UFR based on the Pressure-State-Response model and used the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method to assess the UFR levels of nine cities in Fujian Province, China, from 2014 to 2023. The spatiotemporal characteristics of UFR levels were analyzed, and their driving mechanisms were explored using the Geographical Detector method. The results show that: (1) The UFR levels in Fujian Province generally exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, with obvious phased characteristics from 2014 to 2023. The growth rates of UFR levels across cities varied significantly, and the gap between cities had narrowed, suggesting a trend of equalization. (2) The spatial patterns of UFR levels in Fujian Province were generally characterized by high levels in coastal cities and low levels in inland cities, which were related to natural geographical conditions and policy support. (3) The population density, general public budget expenditure, and road network density were the long-term stable factors explaining the spatial differentiation of UFR levels. The interactions among grey infrastructure, green space, fiscal capacity, social resources and information-based governance tools drove improvements in UFR levels. The findings contribute to a systematic assessment of the resilience and recovery capacity of urban infrastructure in Fujian Province in the face of flood impacts, thereby providing an important theoretical basis and practical reference for local governments to formulate effective flood control strategies.