Congenital Goitre in Neonates: Clinical Presentation and Management Strategies

Congenital goiter is a significant and serious condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland present at birth. It can result from various causes, including iodine deficiency, thyroid dysgenesis, genetic mutations, and maternal thyroid dysfunction. The clinical presentation varies widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory distress and feeding difficulties. Early diagnosis and management of congenital goiter are crucial to prevent complications such as hypothyroidism, developmental delays, and airway obstruction. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical examination, thyroid function tests, and imaging studies, including ultrasound, CT/MRI, and scintigraphy. While thyroid hormone replacement is the primary treatment for cases associated with hypothyroidism, management strategies vary depending on the underlying cause. Surgical intervention may be necessary for thyroid enlargement that compromises the airway or other structures. This report presents a case of congenital goiter, emphasizing the importance of early recognition, comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, and appropriate treatment to achieve optimal outcomes for the infant. Additionally, a review of the literature is provided, focusing on clinical findings, diagnosis, and radiological findings Keywords Congenital goitre, neonate.