Formulation and physicochemical characterization of a novel lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin-based bioactive root canal sealer: Part I

Abstract Background: Contemporary endodontic sealers are expected to provide an effective seal while promoting biological healing and tissue regeneration. Incorporation of lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin (Ly-PRF) into calcium silicate-based sealers may enhance their bioactivity by providing a sustained source of growth factors without compromising essential physicochemical properties. Aim: The aim of the study was to formulate and physicochemically characterize a novel Ly-PRF-based bioactive root canal sealer. Materials and Methods: Ly-PRF was prepared using Choukroun’s protocol, followed by lyophilization and ratio optimization, and was incorporated into a novel calcium silicate-based sealer. The novel formulation was evaluated according to ISO 6876:2012 for pH, flow, film thickness, setting time, solubility, radiopacity, push-out bond strength, dimensional stability, and mineralization potential. Surface morphology and elemental composition were assessed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). Results: The novel Ly-PRF-based bioactive root canal sealer demonstrated an alkaline pH with favorable flow, setting time, solubility, radiopacity, and dentin bond strength that complied with ISO 6876:2012 recommendations. SEM–EDX analysis confirmed a homogeneous calcium silicate matrix with evidence of biomineralization potential. Although further refinement of film thickness and dimensional stability may enhance conformity with ISO specifications, the overall findings indicate promising physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of the experimental formulation. Conclusion: The novel Ly-PRF-based bioactive root canal sealer demonstrated favorable physicochemical characteristics, including adequate flow, setting time, solubility, radiopacity, alkaline pH, dentin bond strength, and promising biomineralization potential. Overall, the formulation exhibited promising physicochemical characteristics, supporting its potential as a bioactive root canal sealer.