Etiquette in the Malay Archipelago Digital: A Comparative Study of Digital Media Self-Regulation and Cultural Values in Indonesia and Malaysia

Abstract This study explores the ethical frameworks, cultural values, and self regulation mechanisms that underpin social media governance in Indonesia and Malaysia. Each country operates within distinct legal, political, and socio-cultural contexts, resulting in varied approaches to regulating digital communication. Utilizing document analysis and in-depth interviews, this research examines how ethics, normative values, and foundational principles of media freedom are operationalized in accordance with the 1984 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which upholds freedom of speech and expression as fundamental rights. Findings reveal that while both countries recognize the importance of media freedom, they also emphasize the need for responsibility and regulation. Self regulation has emerged as a strategic model for aligning state laws, community norms, and platform standards. In particular, the study highlights how religious values, cultural traditions, and institutional frameworks shape ethical media practices in each nation. This research underscores the importance of fostering digital literacy that is deeply rooted in local ethical and cultural values. It recommends a participatory approach that strengthens collaboration among governments, digital communities, and platform providers to ensure a balanced and responsible digital ecosystem in Southeast Asia.