Mitigasi dan Kesiapsiagaan Bencana di Indonesia: Telaah Literatur dan Implikasinya bagi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Indonesia and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) face recurrent threats from earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, and landslides, while the effectiveness of mitigation depends heavily on community preparedness and the reliability of early warning systems. This review aims to synthesize evidence on disaster risk reduction, community preparedness, and early warning systems, and to derive implications for NTT. A narrative-thematic literature review was conducted on 18 sources published between 2011 and 2026, selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria and supplemented with secondary disaster data for NTT from the regional disaster management agency and national media. The sources were analyzed using the LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR preparedness parameters. Three main patterns emerged. First, preparedness varies widely, from the not-ready category in a school near Mount Sinabung to the very-ready category in Pacitan Bay, with resource mobilization and drill frequency as the weakest components. Second, technology-based warning systems are often constrained by maintenance, budget, and communication chains, so they need to be combined with local wisdom such as smong. Third, discussions combined with drills, disaster literacy, and community institutions improve readiness. In NTT, 136 disaster events were recorded between January and April 2026, and the November 2024 eruption of Lewotobi Laki-laki killed 10 people. The implications are that mitigation in NTT should integrate contingency planning, regular drills, maintained early warning, and local knowledge, supported by preparedness surveys that remain scarce in this province.