ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ СВІТЛОПРОЗОРИХ ПОКРИВНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ДЛЯ ТЕПЛИЧНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ

The modern development of greenhouse farming is characterized by increasing requirements for energy efficiency, microclimate stability, and reduction of operating costs, which determines the necessity of improving translucent enclosing structures of greenhouses. Particular importance is attached to the selection of covering materials for all-season greenhouse complexes under the climatic conditions of Ukraine and the continuous growth of energy prices. Purpose. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of modern translucent materials for greenhouse structures and to substantiate the prospects of using energy-efficient glass materials and multifunctional insulated glazing units in all-season greenhouse complexes. Method. The study employs methods of system analysis, comparison of physical, technical and thermal characteristics of materials, generalization of modern scientific research results in the field of energy-efficient translucent structures, as well as methods of analytical assessment of the energy efficiency of covering materials. Results. An analysis of polyethylene films, cellular polycarbonate, traditional glass, and modern combined glass materials has been carried out. The features of ultraviolet-stabilized, infrared, anti-condensation and light-diffusing coatings have been considered. It has been established that traditional polymer materials are characterized by limited service life and insufficient thermal insulation properties for efficient year-round operation. It has been shown that the most promising solutions are multifunctional insulated glazing units with low-emissivity, selective and diffuse coatings, which provide high light transmission, reduced heat losses and stabilization of the greenhouse microclimate. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization of the characteristics of modern translucent materials according to the criteria of energy efficiency, light transmission, heat conservation, and suitability for use in all-season greenhouse complexes in Ukraine. Practical importance. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in the possibility of their application in the design of energy-efficient greenhouse complexes, selection of optimal translucent enclosing structures, and reduction of energy consumption of heating and ventilation systems.