A Closed Formula for Fibonacci Winding Numbers at Powers of Two

This paper establishes an explicit formula for the Fibonacci winding number modulo powers of two. For every integer k greater than or equal to 5, the Fibonacci winding number modulo 2 to the power of k equals three times 2 to the power of (k minus 2), minus 5. Equivalently, the number of carries arising from the addition of consecutive Fibonacci residues over a complete Pisano period is exactly five less than half the period length. The proof uses a binary lifting recurrence, the 2-adic structure of Lucas numbers, and exact half-period and quarter-period symmetries. These yield a depth-independent carry-count recurrence and explain the appearance of the constant five. Further consequences include exact formulas for mean Fibonacci residues, digit averages, and residue-class bit balances. A complete Python verification script is included in the appendix to provide reproducible checks of finite computations. The Fibonacci winding number itself is a previously studied arithmetic quantity. The contribution of this paper is the explicit formula for powers of two and its symmetry-based proof. No claim of priority over all possible earlier derivations is made. All results concern complete modular periods. They do not establish short-interval equidistribution or normality of Fibonacci digit concatenations.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-02
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23878149
Primary Topic
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Type
article
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article

A Closed Formula for Fibonacci Winding Numbers at Powers of Two

Dieter Eigler
5 links
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
article

A Closed Formula for Fibonacci Winding Numbers at Powers of Two

Dieter Eigler
article en

Abstract

This paper establishes an explicit formula for the Fibonacci winding number modulo powers of two. For every integer k greater than or equal to 5, the Fibonacci winding number modulo 2 to the power of k equals three times 2 to the power of (k minus 2), minus 5. Equivalently, the number of carries arising from the addition of consecutive Fibonacci residues over a complete Pisano period is exactly five less than half the period length. The proof uses a binary lifting recurrence, the 2-adic structure of Lucas numbers, and exact half-period and quarter-period symmetries. These yield a depth-independent carry-count recurrence and explain the appearance of the constant five. Further consequences include exact formulas for mean Fibonacci residues, digit averages, and residue-class bit balances. A complete Python verification script is included in the appendix to provide reproducible checks of finite computations. The Fibonacci winding number itself is a previously studied arithmetic quantity. The contribution of this paper is the explicit formula for powers of two and its symmetry-based proof. No claim of priority over all possible earlier derivations is made. All results concern complete modular periods. They do not establish short-interval equidistribution or normality of Fibonacci digit concatenations.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 16%
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
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A Closed Formula for Fibonacci Winding Numbers at Powers of Two — Dieter Eigler · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS