Snapshots of Why Standard Monte Carlo Simulations Understate Retirement Risk: Evidence from Indian Financial Markets

Quickly apply original, key PMR-published papers with Snapshots—a short article companion that distills PMR research into compressed, digestible takeaways, so you can put the paper’s core ideas to work in your investment process—fast. This Snapshot article is based on research arguing that, in Indian market data from 1992 to 2025, independent-return Monte Carlo simulations underestimate retirement failure risk by 0.3–1.7 percentage points relative to dependence-preserving block bootstraps, while small simulation sizes can conceal the difference.