PERAN TELEFARMASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN LUARAN TERAPI PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DAN HIPERTENSI: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS LITERATUR GLOBAL

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are chronic diseases with high prevalence that require long-term monitoring and management; however, limited access to healthcare services—particularly in rural areas and resource-constrained settings—remains a challenge for their control. Telepharmacy emerges as a strategy that enables pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical care remotely. This study aims to review and synthesize scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of telepharmacy interventions on glycemic control, blood pressure management, medication adherence, and the management of chronic diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was performed across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using keywords related to telepharmacy, diabetes, and hypertension. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated and analyzed based on study characteristics, population, type of intervention, outcomes, and key findings. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Identified telepharmacy interventions included Medication Therapy Management, telephone-based counseling, blood pressure telemonitoring, video-based telehealth, remote insulin titration, and programs designed to improve medication adherence. Most studies indicate that telepharmacy contributes to improved glycemic and blood pressure control, while consistently enhancing medication adherence, patient self-care behaviors, and access to healthcare—especially among rural and underserved populations. Several studies also highlight the potential for cost savings and a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events. Telepharmacy serves as an effective approach for supporting the management of diabetes mellitus and hypertension; therefore, these findings support the development and integration of telepharmacy services as part of a sustainable strategy for chronic disease management.