A Bi-Level Optimization Framework for Solar Concentrator Installation and Prism Layout Design Using Genetic Algorithms

As clean energy systems expand, the efficient installation of solar concentrators is increasingly constrained by the interaction between site layout and internal optical design. This study proposes an integrated bi-level optimization model that jointly determines concentrator installation on a floor plan and the internal prism design of each unit. The framework explicitly considers Blocklight obstructions, standardized concentrator types, internal exits, Total Light Efficiency (TLE), and economic profit. The upper level optimizes concentrator selection, placement, and orientation, while the lower level refines internal prism layouts and exit positions. A nested Genetic Algorithm framework is developed to solve the resulting bi-level optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework can produce feasible and economically attractive solutions for solar concentrator deployment in constrained installation.